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Management Styles - 1872 Words

Management Styles of Apple, Google, and SEMCO There are some businesses in the world that stand out more then others due to their success and ability to stay relevant in their sectors. Three such companies, Apple, Google and Semco are like the all-star team of corporations that command respect at the mention of their names. The reasons for their success are illustrated in the business articles â€Å"Managing Without Managers,† â€Å"How Apple Got Everything Right by doing Everything Wrong,† and â€Å"Where does Google go from here?† These articles give us some historical information about the companies, and some insights into their management styles. Apple has become very successful with an autocratic system under Steve Jobs, Google is very good to†¦show more content†¦Semco has done so well in generating quality products in an unconventional managerial environment that American companies are trying to understand Semco’s organizational skills. The biggest issue, elating to the success or failure of any business is management. In fact, the need for high standards of leadership has led to businesses spending millions of dollars every year to shape current employees into future assets. As Althouse et al. state, companies today usually rely on managers to guide the daily process using human, technological, financial, and other resources to create a competitive advantage (206). The traditional method of management involved a triangle shaped hierarchy. At the top of this hierarchy, were the authorities, or bosses. Below them, were managers, and underneath, supervisors and entry-level staff at the bottom (210). However, many companies have started to adjust this system in varying degrees, because as Semler mentioned, it is simply too far from the top of the pyramid to the bottom. In other words, the minor staffs do not communicate enough with the executives (Semler 1). With the move from autocratic, or top down management toward s more participatory management style, companies can empower their staff. With increased autonomy, the staffs have more control over decisions, and their motivation increases. Apple is an excellent example of an autocratic leadership, in which there is a boss who leads his/her employees with clearShow MoreRelatedManagement Style1277 Words   |  6 PagesAs you may know, different management styles are required in different parts of the world. It is important to choose the right management style for each situation, which is a key to success for an organization. All managers use a management process which consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. So they have to perform many roles in an enterprise. What they can do with various situations will totally depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadershipRead MoreManagement Styles1016 Words   |  5 PagesThere are several very different types of management styles ranging from democratic which allows the subordinates to play an active role in the decisions that management makes to autocratic which cuts the subordinate out of the decision making process a llowing those in management to make a unilateral decision. Both styles have their proponents as well as their detractors. This paper will outline the various forms of management and attempt to clarify and categorize their various strengths and weaknessesRead MoreManagement Styles1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe management culture provides the developing direction of a company. It decides the characteristic and company culture in an enterprise. However, the style can be influenced by certain factors, such as, policy, history background, social system, international competition. In this essay, three management styles and two company types will be indentified and discussed. Management style belongs to management strategy; it can be composed of operation strategy, company culture and managers. ToRead MoreManagement Styles Analysis1456 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Styles Management is a far-running subject and there are many definitions of management. From my point of view, management is described as a process to get something done in the business environment. It is the person called Manager who gets various jobs done by assign works to people working with him/her. How the Manager can get the things done effectively and efficiently is an important problem that should be researched. Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1958, 1973), who arguedRead MoreThe Autocratic Style Of Management922 Words   |  4 PagesManagement is a key part in any organizations. Managers are the people that make the decisions that affect everybody below them.This job is very demanding and requires people to be attentive to their surroundings, situations, and their co-workers to be truly effective. Naturally, not every person is going to manage a group of workers the same way, but there are predefined terms to describe how managers manage. There is the autocratic style, t he democratic style, the chaotic style, and managementRead MoreThe Autocratic Management Style As A Non Effective Style1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autocratic Management style is not hard to distinguish in the workplace. Opinions are kept to themselves concerning the firm’s approach to cases, and all employees know what they are expected to do and not do. In this management style only one attorney is in charge and he or she resolves all issues. This type of management style can be thought of as more of a dictatorship. They can be found in small-scale offices and there is only one attorney proprietor. The staff is never in doubt aboutRead MoreAn Introduction to Management Styles3058 Words   |  13 PagesUnit 4001 - An Introduction to Management Styles 1. Be able to understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour that are relevant to the practice of management. They describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation. Theory X represents a negative view on of human nature that assumes individualsRead More4001 Management Styles3336 Words   |  14 PagesUNIT 4001 – An Introduction to Management Style By: Peter Collins Candidate Number: P04352307 Question 1 a) Select two models that were covered on the training programme, which make suppositions about human nature and how people behave at work, and briefly describe them. b) With reference to these models, discuss how individual attitudes and assumptions can influence your behaviour as a manager. Question 2 a) Describe the three management styles of Laissez-Faire, Participative and AutocraticRead MoreThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos There is a clear relationship between the structure, culture and management styles in Tescos here are some examples showing this: Tescos uses power culture which has a top down (tall structure) whereby objectives are determined by the individual or individuals. This structure is also linked in with an autocratic management style as this structure tends to have a ‘them and us attitude’ whichRead More The Management Style at Cadbury Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesA description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward

How far is military force an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2398 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Recent years have seen an increase in military force being used as a tool for increasing the scope for humanitarian values within conflict zones. This paper assesses this trend, and uses a number of conflict case studies as a vehicle for evaluating this premise. In doing so, this paper considers that the Libyan intervention in 2011 offers a case study which argues that state led humanitarian intervention is borne out of a political, as opposed to a humanitarian, need. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How far is military force an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values?" essay for you Create order This undermines the promotion of humanitarian values. The concept of military led humanitarian intervention can be found within a highly subjective area of academic and political thought. With regards to this, there are some commentators, such as Waxman (2013: n.p.) who consider that military led humanitarian intervention consists of   the use of military force to protect foreign populations from mass atrocities or gross human rights abuses whilst others, including Marjanovic (2012: n.p.) see this particular course of action as being a state using military force against another state when the chief publicly declared aim of that military action is ending human-rights violations being perpetrated by the state against which it is directed. With regards to this subjectivity there is a series of overlapping concepts that help to further the debate in this area. These overlapping areas can be found within a number of conceptual areas including war and conflict within which humani tarian values are negatively impacted by activities which impact upon non-combatants, these include human rights abuses.   Where humanitarian values are considered, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2013) holds a perspective which suggests that these comprise of aspiration in relation to humanity, neutrality, independence, and impartiality. In this regard, therefore, one can suggest that where military forces are deployed in order to promote or support humanitarian operations it is necessary that these forces act accordingly within the boundaries of these guiding principles. In their totality, therefore, it is arguable that there exists a number of factors which need to be present where a situation occurs that requires military led humanitarian assistance. With regards to any underpinning intervention that relates to issues covered within humanitarian interventions, Weiss (2012: 1) believes that it is possible that an underlying notion of a responsibilit y to protect is a dominating factor in contemporary geo-political thinking, however instead of this doctrinal approach being used across the globe Weiss (2012) believes that the global community tends to cherry-pick the various conflicts that it intervenes in, this is discussed elsewhere in this paper. That said, Minear Weiss (1995) had previously indicated that any military intervention that seeks to promote humanitarian values should incorporate a post war recovery planning and redevelopment programme. However recent decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War, has seen an increase in the numbers of military led humanitarian interventions that are related to activities undertaken to improve the human condition (Weiss, 2012: 1). This latter issue, concerning the human condition, suggests that there has been a genuine shift in the contemporary conflict environment. This shift is primarily based on the progression from conventional warfare to of asymmetric warfare which invo lves a number of non-state actors and combatants. This is a factor that has not been ignored by Weiss (2012). Here the suggestion that, today, only state led military interventions can promote humanitarian values has been promoted because non-state actors are not bound by regulations and international protocols regarding the dynamics and conduct of war. Indeed this particular perspective gains an increased level of support where the current post Cold War conflict environment is considered. For Pattison (2010) the years following the end of the Cold War have resulted in a vastly increased number of military operations that have been designed to support humanitarian values through intervention. These interventions have occurred in a plethora of collapsed or failed states and include, but are not limited to. post Gulf War (1991à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"2003) Iraq, Bosnia Serbia (1995), The Balkans and Kosovo (1992-1999), East Timor (1999) Somalia (2002), Haiti (2004), and Libya (2011). The se interventions, for some, also include the post 9-11 eras intervention in to Afghanistan and latterly in Iraq (2003-2010) (Pattison, 2010). In this regards, Weiss (2012) believes that the underlying concept of humanitarian intervention has helped to increase the potential for international interventions into other states because of a need to increase the level of protection offered to non-combatants from conflict. However, the earlier indication of cherry picking conflicts offers for a greater insight into the nature of political discourses which take place at the United Nations (UN) Security Council with regards to these conflicts and where state led political aspirations are an overbearing factor in the intervention tools and choices made by states. Indeed one can argue that the current and ongoing conflict in Syria offers as a casing point particularly since all state actors which have intervened possess their own aspirations in shaping the future of that particular country (Ha aretz, 2014; Press TV, 2013; Ruthven, 2014; Time, 2015). In some respects, therefore, the issue of humanitarian intervention and its related values base is being abused in order that these political aspirations can be furthered (Dagher, 2014). This aspect, however, is a perpetual factor in the international arena, particularly where realist agendas are taken into consideration (Bayliss Smith, 2001). One area where international intervention has been encouraged is in relation to ethnic conflict. Kaldor (1998) recognises that the end of the Cold War resulted in an increase in the frequency of ethnically charged conflicts and that these types of conflict have been offered as a rationale for international humanitarian based interventions In respect of this, Kaldor (1998) argues that the changes that have taken place within conflict dynamics that has resulted in belligerent forces not being constrained by international regulations, including the Geneva Convention protocols, Laws of A rmed Conflict or relevant United Nations Charters (Kaldor, 1998) has led to humanitarian values being used as an excuse to further the political aspirations of a number of states. The result of this changed dynamic has perpetuated and has spread to a number of conflict zones around the world. However, it has led to an increase in the reliance upon conventional forces whose role has been to offer peace keeping and security services to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in support of their own operations. In this respect it is noted that Christoplos, Longley, and Slaymaker (2004) consider that the intervention strategies have also altered in recent years. Here, they note that   the underpinning intervention programmes now seek to promote humanitarian values and that this is evidenced by the creation of a tripartite doctrinal system which now utilises areas of national and personal rehabilitation; added to this are post war recovery programmes that are intended to help redeve lop both the state and social infrastructures; finally there is the central issue of relief programmes that seek to maintain the fabric of civil society during crisis periods. For Seybolt (2007) this perspective adds weight to any argument that promotes the possibility that military humanitarian interventions can assist NGOs in their duties via the provision of security provisions. However, it is also recognised that adding external military forces into a combat zone has can lead to further complications primarily because military operations possess a potential for using force when necessary (Davidson, 2012; Ministry of Defence, 2011). In promotion of a perspective which says that deployed military forces can utilise force is well grounded in military doctrines. For example the UK Ministry of Defence promotes a policy whereby The peacekeeper fulfils a mandate with the strategic consent of the main warring parties, allowing a degree of freedom to fulfil its task in an impartial ma nner, while a sustainable peace settlement is pursued. (Ministry of Defence, 2011: 1.1). This perspective suggests that it is possible for military personnel whose primary function is to assist NGOs as part of the promotion of humanitarian values is in fact a secondary consideration. Ultimately the use of military force within humanitarian interventions is a purely political choice that is intended to help reshape the political landscape of the affected region or state in the post conflict environment. With regards to the current Syrian conflict, one can argue that the divergent and conflicting political perspectives and aspirations is a factor which will undermine the potential for any real focus upon the promotion of humanitarian values. Indeed, it is also recognised that this eventuality does little to promote the principles of humanitarianism as argued by the likes of the ICRC (2013). In effect the possibility that military forces can conduct purely military operations, or war p hase fighting, during a humanitarian intervention undermines any utilitarian or altruistic claims made by the respective political powers. In its totality this suggests that the aforementioned issue of political realism is both present and ongoing.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Indeed such an argument can be backed up by a policy review of the recent and ongoing Afghan conflict. A review of UK doctrinal papers promotes this papers preference that military operations incorporate the possibility that war fighting, as well as security duties, is a contingent factor in the preparations for any military force. Stabilisation programmes in the Afghanistan intervention occurred in an environment where the UKs military had the consent of the host nation government but no other warring party (Afghanistan: Taliban 2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" present)..A military force may decide in such situations that the defeat of a specific enemy is essential to the success of the operation. (Ministry of Defence, 2011: 1.1). Essentially, therefore, in political terms it is feasible that political intentions can undermine any altruistic argument in relation to the deployment of military forces to carry out humanitarian operations. For some the recent humanitarian intervention into Libya is an example of this outcome. The recent UN backed military intervention in Libya was mandated via humanitarian intervention that was intended to provide relief and assistance (United Nations, 2011). The promotion of this intervention was supposed to further the seven values of humanitarian intervention, as promoted by the ICRC (2013) however one can argue that the resultant intervention was mainly politically motivated because there is sufficient evidence to indicate that Gaddafis regime had been a long time foe of those states which executed the intervention (USA, UK France) (Boulton, 2008). In promotion of their intervention, the USA UK, and France had argued that a failure to intervene would result in a hum anitarian crisis caused by the perpetuation of conflict. However, Kuperman (2011) argues that the resultant UN Resolution 1973 (United Nations, 2011) created conditions where the intervening military forces could operate beyond the realms of Resolution 1973. These included, for example, allowing the USA, UK, and France to conduct stabilisation operations so that the authority of the Gaddafi regime could be undermined, thereby helping to bring this conflict to a swift conclusion. In layman terms this meant military intervention via war fighting. With regards to this, Kuperman (2011) also argues that Libyan state functions were impacted, including the freezing of its financial and economic assets. It was also argued that the intervening forces of the USA, France and the UK oversaw the deployment of private military contractors whose role was to undertake anti Gaddafi operations thereby seeking to overthrow his regime (RT News, 2012). In effect, the usage of humanitarian justifications for military intervention in conflict can be defined in terms of the actions and justification of the states whose forces have been committed to operate in those areas and regions. In its totality, therefore, the usage of military force as an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values is limited. These limitations can be found within the underlying political rationales that exist within states that are prepared to commit forces for these operations, particularly where these states have an interest in the realisation of a particular outcome. Whilst humanitarian led interventions have become a mainstay of the post Cold War climate, one can argue that the promotion of the seven humanitarian values that are promoted by the ICRC (2013) are undermined by the intervening forces because of their ability to both flout their mandate, as well as their ability to conduct war fighting operations under the guise of humanitarianism. In essence, therefore, one can argue that there are genuine limits to the ability of military forces to promote humanitarian values however these limitations are not factors which states consider when seeking to intervene in any conflict. Bibliography Bayliss, J., Smith, S., (2001), The Globalisation of World Politics. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Boulton, A., (2008), Memoirs of the Blair Administration: Tonys Ten Years, London: Simon Schuster. Christoplos, I., Longley, C. and Slaymaker, T., (2004), The Changing Roles of Agricultural Rehabilitation: Linking Relief, Development and Support to Rural Livelihoods, available at https://odi.org.uk/wpp/publications_pdfs/Agricultural_rehabilitation.pdf, (accessed on 17/10/15). Dagher, S., (2014), Kurds Fight Islamic State to Claim a Piece of Syria, (online), available at https://online.wsj.com/articles/kurds-fight-islamic-state-to-claim-a-piece-of-syria-1415843557, (accessed on 17/10/15). Davidson, J., (2012), Principles of Modern American Counterinsurgency: Evolution and Debate, Washington DC: Brookings Institute. Haaretz, (2014), Russia demands Israeli explanation of air strikes in Syria, (online), available at https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.6305 84, (accessed on 20/10/15). International Committee of the Red Cross, (2013), Humanitarian Values and Response to Crisis, (online), available at https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jmlz.htm, (accessed on 17/10/15). Kuperman, A., (2011), False Pretence for war in Libya, available at https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2011/04/14/false_pretense_for_war_in_libya/, (accessed on 17/10/15). Marjanovic, M., (2011), Is Humanitarian War the Exception?, (online), available at https://mises.org/daily/5160/Is-Humanitarian-War-the-Exception, (accessed on 17/10/15). Minear, L and Weiss, T.G., (1995), Mercy Under Fire: War and the Global Humanitarian Community, Boulder: Westview Press. Ministry of Defence, (2011), Peacekeeping: An evolving Role for the Military, London: HMSO. Pattison, M., (2010), Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect: Who Should, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Press TV, (2013), Hezbollah t o remain in Syria: Official, (online), available at https://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/02/10/350058/hezbollah-to-remain-in-syria-official/, (accessed on 20/10/15). RT News, (2012), Stratfor: Blackwater helps regime Change, (online), available at https://www.rt.com/news/stratfor-syria-regime-change-063/, (accessed on 17/10/15). Ruthven, M., (2014), The Map ISIS Hates, (online), available at https://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/jun/25/map-isis-hates/, (accessed on 20/10/15). Seybolt, T., (2007), Humanitarian Military Intervention: The Conditions for Success and Failure, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Time, (2015), Iran Looms Over ISIS Fight as Baghdad-Tehran Alliance Moves Into Tikrit, (online), available at https://time.com/3741427/isis-iran-iraq-tikrit/, (accessed on 20/10/15). United Nations, (2011), Resolution 1973, (online), available at https://www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10200.doc.htm#Resolution, (accessed on 17/10/15). Waxman, M., (2013), Is humanitari an military intervention against international law, or are there exceptions?, (online), available at https://www.cfr.org/international-law/humanitarian-military-intervention-against-international-law-there-exceptions/p31017, (accessed on 17/10/15). Weiss, T., (2012), Humanitarian Intervention, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Greek And Roman Ideas - 778 Words

Greek and Roman Ideals When considering the ancient Greek and Roman ideals you can see the distinct similarities in their art, government, monotheism, and architecture. The Romans duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece and Rome influences can be seen in art today with the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded by the Greek classical ideal. These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitan structures. The use of the city-state was invented by the Greeks and followed by the Romans. The Romans were admirers of the Greek artistic style and this shows in their art and what has been left from the ancient Roman era for us to view.†¦show more content†¦The Greeks are responsible for the creation of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns, but the Roman’s expanded on this and modified the capitals. Greek influence can be seen in the creation of Pantheon. The Pantheon combines the styles of Greek and Roman architectural styles with its combination of post and lintel and dome and arch. Inside the Pantheon are sculptures like the Parthenon, and is the most well preserved buildings from ancient Rome. The Pont du Guard in France remains the largest aqueduct in the world and after over 2000 years it still stands. The Colosseum is in ruins, but it still stands today. Greek democracy and the Roman republic are similar in that they both give power to the people and elect officials by letting the people vote. The Greek city-states were united by force through the invasions of the Macedonians and then by the Romans. The Romans then carried on the city-state format and were themselves invaded later by the Germanic tribes. Although the Greeks and Romans were defeated their political ideal remains and is still in use by some democracies in the West. The monotheism of the Greek belief system was the format for the Roman belief system. Their gods were celebrated and revered by festivals and games being held in their honor. The Greek influence can be seen in the Roman culture with their gods. Roman gods are essentially borrowed from the Greek gods, but theyShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showed influenceRead MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |   5 Pageswithout looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the most stunning facets of ancient Greece was the art that was created. The Greek artisans made the jumpRead MoreThe Greek and Roman Influence over Modern America1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek and Roman Influence over Modern America The Greeks and the Romans were among the most influential societies in the history of the world. Evidence of Greek or Roman influence can be found in almost every culture or country that has ever existed. Though both cultures were different in practice and incredibly competitive with one another, their politics and their beliefs set the stage for future civilizations, including those of the modern world. In particular, the values and practices ofRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Greece And Rome1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent techniques going into battle. Every time the Roman Empire would go to battle they would take into account things like terrain and what kind of formation they wanted to use. This was similar to the Greek style of war because Ancient Greece often had thought out battle plans and knew what would work against each enemy in every war. They both knew exactly what they wanted to do and how they wanted to do it. For example, the Greek military went into war (presumably on land) knowing thatRead MoreThe Work Of A Vase Painter Of The Mid 400 s B.c1003 Words   |  5 Pagescomposition, shape, line, color, value, and texture. The fundaments of art originated from the Greeks and Romans. To achieve a realist image, the combination of the fundamentals of art creates the illusion of something real. Proportions of a human body were developed by a renaissance artist named Leonardo Divinci. Divinci was not the only historical figure who created the ideal proportions of a human body. Greeks used a system of measures when they made temples and used a standard unit of measure to drawRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Religion1315 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek and Roman religions were the two major religions that were established in the ancient world. Greek religion was the first to be recognized and instituted, followed by the Roman religion. Many people believed that the Romans mimicked the Greek religion; however this was a common misconcep tion, even though they appeared to be the same there are many distinctions between the Romans and the Greeks. Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Roman Empires Emulation of the Greeks1597 Words   |  6 Pageshiding a small clan of tribesman roaming south to attack and pillage villages and Roman settlements. Roman soldiers stand guard on a stone brick wall fortified to defend from barbarians to the north and formed a place for custom and trading posts. The invaders were limited by the height of the wall, with no way to flank their positions as the fortified line separated England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. The Roman Empire expanded past Turkey into Egypt, an immense expansion that would only beRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Influence Of The Roman Empire1604 Words   |  7 Pageswould soon take many influences from the Greeks. In Rome, an empire was beginning to rise. Roman civilization had its roots in Hellenistic culture because they idolized them. They borrowed and enhanced upon the Greek intellectual accomplishments. As the empire expanded this would become increasingly important. As the Romans continued to expand their empire and influence, they were also spreading the culture of those who influenced them—the Greeks. The Roman Empire at their peak had a vast controlRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systems of communicating ideas. The Babylonians created wedge-shaped cuneiform, and the Egyptians made pictographic hieroglyphicsRead MoreWhy The Greeks Influenced Roman Culture1015 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine how much of Roman culture was Greek in origin, the Greco-Roman world can offer a great insight into the way diffusion operates. Objective and methodology The scope of this report is to investigate how and why the Greeks influenced Roman culture. To achieve this, I will support my discussion with a set of specific examples. Lastly, as I have a personal interest in museum studies, I will briefly answer the question: Was it theft? Did the Romans really loot Greek art, and what for

Ethical Issues in Marketing - 3405 Words

Ethical Issues in Marketing: The Context of Developing Countries Introduction: Marketing, in contemporary times, has seen a tumultuous change in the way its conducted in developing countries. The oft cited dictum that only change is constant in the marketing genre is an apposite one. Just as the media of social communication themselves have enormous influence everywhere, so advertising and marketing, using media as their vehicles, are pervasive, powerful forces shaping attitudes and behavior in todays world. Four reasons are attributed to the fugacious nature of the way marketing practices are being carried out in developing countries 1. The role of Information and Communication technologies: As ICTs evolve so do marketing practices. If†¦show more content†¦One department store utilizing the hidden messages reported a savings of $US600, 000 by reducing theft 37 percent during a nine month period. So, if subliminal messages evidently work in self-help tapes and embedded in department store music, it certainly seams reasonable that they wou ld also work and perhaps even work better in a visual medium such as television. In developing countries the regulating watchdogs and related establishments are still in stages of latency so that the possibility that viewers who would be subject to such measures would probably never ever know that they were the focus of such procedures. The Ethical Issue of Creating Demand In the words of Pope John Paul II, advertising also can be, and often is, a tool of the phenomenon of consumerism. Sometimes advertisers speak of it as part of their task to create needs for products and services - that is, to cause people to feel and act upon desires for items and services they would ordinarily not need. A piquant issue arises when consumerist attitudes and values are transmitted by communications media and advertising to developing countries, where they exacerbate socio-economic problems and harm the poor. While a judicious use of advertising can stimulate developing countries to improve their s tandard of living, serious harm can be done to them if advertising and commercial pressure become so irresponsible that communities seeking to rise from poverty to a reasonable standard ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. 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Role of Gender in Industrial and Post Industrial - 1955 Words

COVER PAGE NAME : IMMACULATE SUWIRA BOTTOMAN POSTAL ADDRESS : C/O WORLD VISION MALAWI P O BOX 692 LILONGWE MALAWI STUDENT NO : 35890347 MODULE : GROUP DYNAMICS MODULE NO : SOC 306B SEMESTER : 00 ASSIGNMENT NO : 02 Table of Contents Assignment Questions iii A. ROLE OF GENDER AND EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRIAL AND POST INDUSTRIAL 1 SOCIETIES IN RELATION TO POWER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 GENDER DEFINED 1 3.0 ASPECTS OF GENDER 2 4.0 GENDER AND POWER RELATIONS 2 4.1 Patriarchy System 2 4.2 Biological aspect 3 5.0 INEQUALITIES IN EMPLOYMENT 3 5.1 Altitude towards women in the workforce 3 5.2 The industrial and post industrial societies 4 6.0 CONCLUSION 5 LIST OF SOURCES 7 Assignment†¦show more content†¦The study guide gives an example of a man in China who arranged for his daughter’s marriage to the general without consulting her and she had no chance to refuse as an arrangement. The construction of gender through family and society experiences in the patriarchy system left men believing that they have to be breadwinners and they need to be employed in order to maintain their status while women stay at home to care for children and the family. Since this was the context in which people lived, for many centuries men did not feel to be powerful and neither did women fell powerless but considered it to be the norm of the time. Therefore men would feel insecure and powerless if they are unemployed and ended up engaging in gender based violence. Group Dynamics, only study guide to SOC306B (2009:111). 4.2 Biological aspect The natural differentiation between male and female which are visible have had an influence in employment in industrial and post industrial era. The biological construction of gender contributes to an extent as to why men are more likely to occupy certain jobs and higher position in employment than women. As said in the study guide, some jobs demand higher level of competence and require students to spend more years of study to reach that level. On the other hand women are also expected to fulfill family obligations especially child birth which makes it difficult for them toShow MoreRelatedMy Life Chances within Canadian Society Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesI, as a Chinese-Canadian, with respect to my social location based on race, class, gender, and sexuality, believe that they will affect my life chances in the post-industrial societies such as Canada. First of all, let me briefly describe my family background. I was born in the communist country of China. My family i mmigrated to Canada in the year of 1992. We were an average income family in China. However, after moving into Canada, we became a family that lies below poverty line. Since my parentsRead MoreEssay on Life Pre and Post Industrial Revolution938 Words   |  4 PagesLife pre and post of Industrialization Life of people has gone through since the industrial revolution. Lives of people including men, women and children use to be lot different before the revolution and post revolution. The revolution helped certain people in many ways but also there were side effects which were seen in the lives and are seen post revolution. Industrialization has affected many people in particular to the lives of women and men to their way of working. The paper will focus on theRead MoreModernization of Sugar Essay examples1236 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Modernization from Consumption of Sugar According to Wikipedia, â€Å"modernity† is defined as a post-traditional period that is marked by the move from feudalism towards capitalism and industrialism. 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Is It Pink By Robert N. Minor - 1220 Words

In this analysis, I will be examining chapter three, â€Å"Is it Pink? Is it Blue?† of Robert N. Minor’s book, Scared Straight: Why It s So Hard to Accept Gay People and Why It s So Hard to Be Human. Minor is a Professor of Religious Studies at University of Kansas, and often focuses his writing toward gay rights and gender roles in society. This particular book is a cultural critique of the United States’ gender roles and homophobia. Minor’s arguments leave a weak impression and leave readers with a sense of confusion. Minor ineffectively uses rhetoric in his arguments to establish purpose, inform his audience, use effective language, or to persuade his audience to take action. Minor’s argument is essentially that our society’s gender roles†¦show more content†¦These factors lead the audience to question his credibility. In Minor’s writing, he is often hypocritical. For example, while he claims to be a strong advocate for equality between the sexes, he speaks almost entirely about men’s gender roles, only touching on female gender roles. He never even mentions different gender identities besides male and female. He also always begins speaking about men before women, which several might argue is an example of the injustices he is trying to argue against. Often he will take up two or three pages speaking about the male point of view on a topic, but only a few paragraphs relating to the female side. Also, the female side is usually used to contrast the male side, rather than being written about as its own entity. The fact that he speaks only about â€Å"men† and â€Å"women† show that he himself may be ignorant towards other identities. Additionally, while Minor constantly pushes for more tolerance for different sexual orientations, his definition of other sexual orientations seems to be limited to gay men, completely ignoring an entire spectrum of sexual orientations and gender identities. In a sense, Minor is perpetuating the same gender roles he is arguing so strongly against. Minor also uses incredibly vague sources in his writing. One example of this is seen when he incorporates a strange poem into his â€Å"evidence† (71). It isn’t recognizable or even by a recognizable author. The

Case Study Write Up Free Essays

Alin NIRAMORN Case Study Methods Lori Ostlund 09/019/2012 Case Write-Up Summary of Case Situation In the case, Raleigh Rosse, Simons and Mahoney (2011) report that in the beginning of year 2010, RR is being sued by its sales associates. The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) states that RR has continued breaking the state law by encouraging employee to work â€Å"off the clock†. RR is a U. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Write Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. luxury good retailer run by family member. The company mission is to serve their costumers with outstanding service. RR Sale associates are expected to serve their costumer †off the floor† as a part of â€Å"Ownership Culture†. Linda Watkins, a CEO of RR who was recruited by Brian Rosse, has admitted that at first Bill Schwartz, a Senior Vice President for Human Resource had been questioning in some aspects of the Ownership Culture and particularly Sales Per Hours (SPH) program. He also suggests Linda to apply different approach instance. However, Rosse believes that Ownership Culture and SPH is the core of the company to success. Moreover, the economic downturn in years 2008 and 2009 has affected to luxury goods industry. RR were also impacted by the economic crisis; the revenue continue dropped down rapidly. Central Issue How Raleigh Rosse need to handle with sales associates who sued the company. Recommended Course of Action Linda should make a decision how to respond to the lawsuit by paying back damages to all employees. Basis for Recommendation RR should set up an amount for one-time payment system because it can help the company safe money and it is fair for every employee. The case RR (Simons and Mahoney, 2011) states that the employee who is the plaintiff in the lawsuit is asking the company to pay back twin amount of â€Å"non selling† hourly wages. The count judgment the company to pay in total of $200 million; consequently, this amount will affect the company financial. Therefore, RR should offer an amount for pay back the claims, and make an agreement with all employees. For example, in the case of Nightmare at Nordstrom (Solmon, 1990), Nordstrom had set up ranged of amount for each claims; and sent out the claim sheet to all employees. The employee has to fill-in the detailed to verify the amount of â€Å"non-selling† hours they worked. As a result, Nordstrom paid less than $3 millions for the claims. In other word, there is high possibility for RR to lose $200 million for the judgments, thus settlement for payment would be cheaper for the company. Moreover, an Ownership Culture program was introduced in 1992, which means there were a current employee and the old employee. Thus, retroactive compensation is considered as a big factor for the company. Indeed, the amount for pay back claims should be different between the old and new employee. For example, according to Solmon (1990) states that Nordstrom has sent out a letter to sales associates by offering to pay back the damage from $250 up to $1,000, depending on how long their worked for the company. To put that differently, it is fair for all employees, which is the current sales associates who is seeking for damage, and the old employee who should be paid for their royalties. In conclusion, the huge amount that RR need to pay for the court it might affect the company financial statues. Thus, by offering the amount for pay back the claims would help the company safe the money. In additional, the ranged of amount that arranged for pay back the current and claims is reasonable for all employees. How to cite Case Study Write Up, Free Case study samples

Reasons Behind Failure of Hyderabad Metro Rail Project

Question: Discuss about theReasons Behind Failure of Hyderabad Metro Rail Project. Answer: Detailed statement of the problem The report will discuss in detail about the Hyderabad project of metro rail. The project is constantly failing to meet the deadline. The government and LT are thinking for an extension to the project. The extension in deadline is actually in addition with so many issues which are yet to be solved like Metro rail and associated alignment with Old City as well as escalation of the cost (Ramachandran, 2011). The government of the state has initiated consultation with Metro Rail association namely Hyderabad Metro Rail as well as Larsen Toubro (LT) on the fact that the extension of the deadline must be for a year or maximum two. The developer of the project has also asked for the government in term of extending of schedule and it is important to consider it properly. It further will be discussed in detail in metro rail work forces the meeting in sometime and CM is also contemplating on taking the final decision. In addition, the government should have no issue in providing an extension a s far as it does not results in any kind of financial burden on them along with prolong concession period (Ramachandran, 2011). Research aim and objectives The aim of research is to understand the issues and reasons behind the failure of the Metro Rail project in Hyderabad. From the look at the current status of the work in Hyderabad, it seems the work is at different stages of completion and the work is being done in different part of the town. The work of construction for the Metro has come to highlight it is slowly becoming a nightmare for the people of the city because of infrastructure issues at various stages of the city (Rai, 2012). There are number of arterial route in the city in the current time with so many diversions as well as bottlenecks creating havoc for the traffic of the city. There are so many times when there are traffic issues in the rush hours. The official are also claiming that there are more than sixty seven percent of the current work was finished and the deadline has now set by the end of 2018. Research questions When will the Hyderabad metro rail project start? What are the main reasons behind failure of the project? Will LT able to complete by extended time? Will the project complete at least in extended budget? Can government assure people about their business? Is the project failure due to government or company? Do governments need to implement any rules for project completion? Justification and potential output of the research project The project initiated with first bidding process for it actually took place in the year 2008 and was rewarded to Maytas. But the present government by the state got completely cancelled the present deal after the company called as Mayatas Infra Ltd. which also led to failed consortium in order to raise right finances for the projects. In the year 2010, there must be fresh bid were termed and LT got the project (Sharma et al, 2010). The agreement based on concession with the government then united with the state, for which it was touted to be one of the biggest project in metro worldwide in this private and public partnership which was signed in the 2010 however the work started in 2012. When the current project was started, the organization was claimed that it can be finished in three period of time. At the same time, the successive government of the state has operated into a number of roadblocks. As per the report published in the year 2013, the busy corridor that actually headed towards the city Hyderabad and the acquisition of land in the present Ameerpet stretch and in the current corridor which passes through the old city of Hyderabad that can also touch the busy junction of the market of a place called Sultan Bazar and have also created a lot of trouble (Sharma et al, 2010). The traders in the local area were completely against the project and in addition, there were some structure also in the way which w as hurting religious sentiments of certain religious group like Iskon temple (Bon, 2015). The project of metro rail was also fighting constantly a legal battle with the oldest church in the Secunderabad. In the year 2014, the present project was facing so many issues from the government o f Telangana with the people demanding the issue like realignment of the present metro structure covering two out of the three corridors in order to save the religious structure. The conflict further escalated that the company LT faced a lot of threat in order to pull out the project. Therefore, the move also had an undertone which was political by nature since the TRS government had a conversation with the AIMIM during this time (Bon, 2015). In this time period, government official also claimed which should realign when there is escalation the project which cost a lot of money. With 2 years of conversation, the government of Telangana determined to go for the original or decided alignment. As per the number of reports, the main issues were that the government may to look for an environment cleaning in order to take up the work of Metro. In 2015, the traders at the local market Sultan Bazar in the ci ty have protested and further claimed where the Metro construction that should be deprived the local people from hundreds of jobs. Right after the face-off which lasted for close to 3 months, both the parties with a deal with the project promised that a present stretch should be progressed when a hawker paradise with specific kind of arrangement for people that exist between the viaduct of Metro (Sridhar, 2012). In the present time, number of reports also suggested that there are almost more than two hundred court cases that are still pending against the Metro Rail project of the city. At the same time, officials also claimed where work is gathered in pace with seventy one km which was elevated project of metro rail which claimed to be operational by 2018. In fact, there were seventeen stations have been finished on two areas when the work in progress with three stations which can be interchangeable along with 30 stations. The work is in its critical stage and in the part of the city which was denser that people thought that there is slowdown in the city. However, a big part of the work has already started specifically at higher planes and in number of developing stations with interconnects as well over-bridges (Sridhar, 2012). There are number of questions that are also raised towards the finishing line of the Nagole as well as Mettuguda and many other stretches which were certified sometim e ago and are ready for usage. One of the biggest challenges for contention that exist between the government of the state and LT are paying for the delay. The cost of the project is increasing with every passing day almost by Rs.4000 crore from the starting estimates and the company is looking at the government looking for the compensation in terms of monetary value when the state is not very keen on the present demand. Conceptual framework The ministry of the urban development is functioning on easier operations and with fast execution of the present Metro Projects. The metro projects are part of the plan for many developed cities in the country the expert of transport says it is not a viable point for small towns which are populated in sparse manner. There is a possibility that number of Tier 2 cities could increase the present public system of transport like business and local trains and many others. There are number of delays as well as escalations as well where cost is common concern of many projects in Metro (Suzuki et al, 2015). The centre has been kept on other side over a huge amount of money for number of metro Projects in the budget of 2017-18 which was in fact fourteen percent above than last year since the work is moving at a slow speed. There are land issues as well like land acquisitions and related laws that have created some complications. There is no choice but to accept the delays which are caused because of resolution. Experts also claim that the opinion that constant transformation in the top level management at corporation related to Metro are also an important concern. The construction of Delhi metro was successfully finished since there were two people who have posted as MD between the time of 2002 and 2017. In fact the management of the metro in Hyderabad has seen constantly delaying for last 5 years. In addition, the bureaucrats also posted as MD that do no t clear with the present network of metro (Suzuki et al, 2015). The present seventy one km of elevated road in Hyderabad Metro also faced many obstacles which also consist of delays in safety of the railway clearance for almost eighteen km Nagole to Mettuguda part and with alignment of track issues in the old part of city. The metro construction was supposed to be ready by 2017 and the current deadline is extended by the end of 2018 for completing of all the current three segments (Sharma et al, 2014). There are number of doubts and queries which remained unanswered all the time and however it is important to understand here that a better planning with detailed discussion about the project which can decrease the commuting issues in the city. The management of the traffic at the time of construction period has been a bad shape. Even the people on two wheelers struggle to commute in the city, so it is challenging to even imagine the issues of pedestrians. Methodology The report will conduct the Quantitative research which consists of the collection as well as analysis of data that can easily be quantifiable. In other words, data must be quantified which means it should be counted in mathematical language. In addition, quantitative research also provides as a means for the authors to be able to create statistics with the data can be collected. The basic idea for this kind of research is to get data that be properly inferred for the large number of people (Sharma et al, 2014). For instance, if the researches to understand the difference that exist between the neighboring states in term of behavior towards the government of state and design in quantitative research that will provide comparison along with statistics to show the basic difference between the states. There are so many methods of quantitative research in the field of sociology and following is the detailed discussion of the methods: - Surveys: this is considered as one of the most popular methods for the quantitative researches used for surveys so that data can be collected. Surveys can also be utilized in many distinct ways which also include asking people to finish the survey because of busy retail stores, sending surveys and conducting surveys at local agencies. Despite the fact that it can be distributed, the outcome is based on survey which is given to large number of individuals (Sharma et al, 2014). One of the drawbacks by utilizing surveys in order to collect information is that all the people will finish it and send it back to people. At the same time, the advantages are that one can collect a lot of information in a short period of time. Following are some of the examples of surveys: - Generating a ten question survey aiming on satisfying of the provided service by the agency. Generating or developing a questionnaire that look for information associated to varied political preference. Generation of short survey as a part of different session for the domestic social service providers. Post or Pre designs: there are many kinds of quantitative research that consist of the usage of post and pre designs. The concept of these designs will be utilized when one want to look for information for the initiation of any kind of sociological intervention or interference. In this kind of design, a survey will be provided with a survey in the form of questionnaire for a group of people and also participate in something like a treatment based group or a function. In addition, people will have to participate in some form and the basic idea here is to properly compare the questionnaires to decide the level of intervention that has influenced the current situation (Sreenivas, 2011). For example, it is important to create a simple kind of survey which usually asks about the consumption of alcohol and routine functions. After that, people at the time of completion of the survey will be the part of the treatment program almost for twelve weeks. In the end, it also important to provide the same survey right before the treatment and also compare the level of improvement in the consumption of alcohol with routine operations. Data which is pre-existing: there are times that it is advantageous to utilize pre-existing information which can also be referred as secondary data in order to inform in a query or research based question. All the pre-existing data also includes data from National Census Bureau and other similar organizations that can be from a study that has been finished where people may want to expand or also collect additional data. As per the popular studies quantitative research which utilizes the data pre-existing information. This data is often performed in the state as well as federal welfare of the child based program where the current database also saves many kinds of statistics (Sreenivas, 2011). Usage of all the pre-existing data is normally a rapid methods but the drawback is that one do not have any kind of control over how the information must be collected with right kind of questions. For instance, many sociologists also have some kind of interest in getting information of human beh avior with so many childhood issues or by utilizing the pre-existing information that should be accessed by the social organizations like Autism Spectrum Disorders. The website of such organization usually gets the affiliation with NIH. NIH is actually funded from federal program by conducting the research is about every discussion which can be imagined. They also provide the information which is directly downloaded in the present statistics program in order to use and evaluate it properly (Sreenivas, 2011). Pilot studies: this is one of another method of quantitative research which also includes a study in a pilot form. Here, number of authors and researchers who are usually interested in testing and learning about different phenomenon. This is why; researchers are show interest in developing a new kind of interference and also study problems that have been completely studied before. In this case, one will have to use the study based on pilot sample. Most often, these surveys are utilized as per pilot studies in a manner to decide the impact of interference. Generally, pilot based studies aims on adding the depth as well as breadth of the topic which is yet to be explored in the right manner (Agarwal Chauhan, 2011). Gantt chart The report will discuss about different stages of the development in the program along with estimated budget and schedules. For this the report will use Gantt chart which is commonly utilized in the project management which is one of the commonly used and popular way expressing activities which can be displayed against time (Ahluwalia Mohanty, 2014). At the left of the chart is a list of functions and in addition with the top is right kind of time scale. Every activity is shown by the bar with the position and the length of the bar showing the start date along with the duration in addition with the end date as well. This will also allow you to see the glance in the proper manner: What are the various functions? When every activity will start and finishes? Amount of every activity is actually scheduled with last activity When activities are able to overlap with other function The inception and the end date of the complete project In the present time, Gantt charts are very important for the project since it helps in tracking the projects details and schedules. This is also very useful since it is able to show some added data about many function or stages of the project. For instance, how the task must be related to one another and how far every task and has further seen progress where resources are utilized for every task (Ahluwalia Mohanty, 2014). The Gantt charts initially use to prepare in laborious manner and every time a project has transformed since it was important to change the chart and this restricted it usefulness with continuous change being a characteristics of most of the projects. In the present time, with technology advancement and advent of computer Gantt chart must be updates and printed in easier manner. Reference Agarwal, O., Chauhan, I. (2011). Toward coordinated urban transport planning in India.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2239), 112-116. Ahluwalia, I., Mohanty, P. K. (2014). Planning and markets for urban development in India.Urbanization in India: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward, 56-81. Bon, B. (2015). A new megaproject model and a new funding model. Travelling concepts and local adaptations around the Delhi metro.Habitat International,45, 223-230. Rai, P. T. (2012). Townships for sustainable cities.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,37, 417-426. Ramachandran, M. (2011).Metro rail projects in India: a study in project planning. Oxford University Press. Sharma, N., Gangopadhyay, S., Dhyani, R. (2010). Methodology for estimation of CO2 reduction from mass rapid transitsystem (MRTS) projects. Sharma, N., Singh, A., Dhyani, R., Gaur, S. (2014). Emission reduction from MRTS projectsa case study of Delhi metro.Atmospheric Pollution Research,5(4), 721-728. Sreenivas, A. (2011). Urban transport planning: Lessons from the proposed Pune metro rail.Economic and Political Weekly, 27-32. Sridhar, V. (2012). Automated system design for metro train.International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE). Suzuki, H., Murakami, J., Hong, Y. H., Tamayose, B. (2015).Financing transit-oriented development with land values: Adapting land value capture in developing countries. World Bank Publications.

Product Analysis of Amazon in India-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discusss about the Market and Product Analysis of Amazon in India. Answer: Introduction In this report the global company which is chosen for analysis is Amazon.com, Inc. The country which is chosen for discussion is India. Amazon.com is based in Seattle, Washington and the company was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. Amazon .com is a cloud computing and electronic commerce company. The company was launched as an online bookstore initially. The company entered the Indian market in 2013.India had billion plus population and 65 percentage of Indias population is under the age of 35. This huge number of youth populace in India and rising amount of purchasing power of people in the rapidly developing country lured Amazon to begin its operation in India. The company produces consumer electronic good, the most popular in India being Kindle e-readers. The electronic goods market in India is one of the largest in the world and it is estimated that this market will reach a value of US $ 400 billion by 2022.In India the current e-commerce market for Amazon is huge and the product l ines that are available to customers are car and mobile accessories, camera and photography, home and kitchen appliances, computer and accessories and many more. In this report SWOT analysis of Amazon in India will be done. SWOT analysis enables an organization to understand its internal strength and weakness and analyze opportunities and threats posed by the macro environment. Amazon started in India in 2012 and since then it has come a long way. The SWOT analysis of Amazon is made with reference to India .Amazon would require to constantly adapt its business model to suit the Indian market as India is a rapidly developing country and the business model or product needs that will suit the Indian economy will be different from that of a developed country(Reddy and Divekar 2014). Swot Analysis Of Amazon With Respect To India Importance of SWOT Every business functions within micro and macro environment .The strengths and weakness of an organization is analyzed using SWOT. The strengths and weakness are internal factors of an organization and opportunities and threats and exposed by the external environment of an organization. The purpose of the SWOT analysis is to make leverage of external opportunities utilizing the internal strength of an organization and to minimize the threats of external environment by focusing to improve on its weakness (Rothaermel 2015). STRENGTH OF AMAZON WHICH IS AN INTERNAL FACTOR 1) Being Pioneer of e-commerce segment in the United States ,Amazon already possess the business intelligence and skills required for expansion in India 2)A huge product line which includes Kindle, home and kitchen appliances ,mobile phone accessories, 3) The company already has the financial strength for expansion in a new market like India WEAKNESS WHICH IS AN INTERNAL FACTOR 1) In order to expand in India ,AMAZON needs to build a robust supply chain for which Amazon has to constantly tie-up with the small shop owners and partner with them 2) Amazon needs to develop a network of deliverers for which the company should have a good logistics system and tie-up with India post and cargo airline Blue Dart 3)It is very difficult for Amazon to operate in a new market like India ,Amazon needs to constantly focus on market research to build tailor-made strategies suitable to serve Indian market OPPORTUNITIES OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT 1) Billion plus populace of India with huge percentage of youth population,65 % of population under the age of 35 2)Rising disposable income of people in the country 3) Demand of consumer electronics good is huge market value is estimated to be around US $ 400 billion by 2020. THREATS OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT 1)Huge percentage of rural population who do not get access to internet 2)People of India still rely on cash more than cards and prefer to buy from physical stores rather than online purchase 3) FDI policy of the country and competition from local e-commerce giants like Flipkart, Snapdeal. Table of SWOT Anaysis of Amzon in India Market Analysis Market Size And Growth The market value of consumer electronics goods in India was US $ 69.6 billion in the year 2012.So the consumer goods market has projected a compound annual growth rate of 24.4 percent from 2012-2022. Market Leaders The market leaders of consumer electronic goods in India are Mirc Electronics Ltd, Videocon Industries Limited, Sharp India Limited ,BPL limited .The consumer electronic goods segment has many foreign players like Sony ,LG and Samsung ,Oppo, Vivo ,Apple sells smart-phones in the country . Concerntration And Distribution Consumer electronic goods are sold by companies like Reliance Digital which sells consumer products of LG, Sony and many more brands in one store. Apart from these physical stores consumer electronics goods are sold online in e-commerce sites like Amazon, Flipkarts (Mishra and Kotkar 2015). Findings (Explanation Of Swot Table) India is a rapidly developing country and the external environment of the country had many opportunities and threats for market expansion of Amazon (Bhansali and Bhattacharyya 2015). Opportunities of External Environment linked with internal Strength The Indian market has more than 65 Percentage of youth population and this huge population is under working age. The disposable income of youth is increasing in the country and the rising purchasing power of youth makes it easier for Amazon to penetrate into Indian market .The youth of India are influenced by the western culture and their hectic work schedule compels them to rely on electronic gadgets. The Indian population has access to the internet and the new trend in the country is to buy electronic goods online as goods are available at a cheaper price in e-commerce sites like Amazon as compared to physical stores. Also home delivery of products and payment by cards make the purchasing experience effortless for Indian customers. Amazon can leverage its internal strength of business process intelligence to capture e-commerce market of India (Gangeshwer 2013). The internal weakness of Amazon, threats of external environment and how Amazon converted this weakness into strength. India has a huge percentage of rural population who do not have access to internet. Physical stores in India, that means owners of small business are protected by the strict Foreign Direct Investment policy of the country which poses restriction for multi-brand retailers like Amazon (Malhotra 2014 ).To combat against this threat of external environment Amazon converted its internal weakness to strength by launching the Amazon Chai Cart team that travelled to cities and partnered with small business owners by offering them Chai or tea and teaching them the virtue of e-commerce. Thus Amazon had many suppliers soon and delivery logistics was built by tie-up with Blue Dart and India post. The Chai Cart teamreportedlytraveled more than 9,400 miles across 31 cities and engaged with more than 10,000 sellers (Laudon, Kenneth and Carol Guercio Traver 2013). Recommendation Market Segmentation And Target Market In this section, a new product for Amazon in the consumer goods section is suggested. The new product that Amazon can sell in the consumer goods section will be a smart phone that would not require a battery. This new product can target multi-segments of the Indian market as the new technological innovation will serve the needs of the billions of people in India who need to charge their smart phones twice a day or need to carry power bank to charge their devices. Batteries of smart phone are damaged often due to overcharging and the need of a phone without a battery is huge. India has one of the largest and fastest growing smart phone markets in the world and soon this technology will be implemented by many market leaders like Samsung or Apple .Amazon can utilize this untapped opportunity be selling a smart phone without battery on its e-commerce site and targeting a multi-segment population of India ranging from youth to old rich to middle class New Product Description The new smart phone will be without a battery and would run by harvesting energy from radio-signals or light and would require almost zero power. Researchers of University of Washington have already tested the prototype of this phone. The prototype lacked data connection or touch screen and could be used to make calls. Radio waves from the base station and electromagnetic vibrations that will be generated in the phones diaphragm when the speaker uses the phones microphone will enable it to make call .This new technology has been tested and it will be possible to soon implement this technology in reality. Price The price of the Phone will be within the reach of Indian customers as smart phones are very popular in India and people are ready to invest money to buy phones. Market skimming price will be introduced in the beginning followed by market penetration. Place Smartphone makers of the world are constantly focusing on development of new technology and soon this type of product will be launched by mobile brands like Samsung, Apple, HTC etc .Amazon can sell these products from these brands in its online platform (Osterwalder et al., 2014). Promotion Once this new technology is introduced in the market ,it will be promoted by all major mobile phone brands like Samsung and Apple using both Above the line sales promotion strategy like mass advertisements ,radio ,newspapers or Below the line sales promotion strategy. Amazon can promote the brand online using digital technology and digital platforms like social media sites of Facebook and Twitter (Khan 2014). Customer Value Proposition The perceived value of the product in the mind of customer is analyzed (Martelo Landroguez et al., 2013). Smart phones are required by the 65 percentage Indian youth for almost everything. In India internet is accessed more via smart phones than by laptops or computers. The huge youth population requires smart phone for almost everything like internet surfing, using apps for reading news ,books etc making calls on Skype or staying active in social media like Facebook or Twitter .So it is frustrating for everyone when battery of their smart phone is exhausted(Arpit and Anand 2013). This market need gap will be met by the introduction of battery-free smart phones powered by radio waves. Customers will not have to face any disruption in their usage of smart phones and the new technological innovation will enable them to have a seamless connection with their smart phones throughout the day (Ding et al., 2013). Justification of the choice of the new product Strenght The product will be battery free and will be powered by radio waves which will satiate the needs of power hungry smart phones of billions of Indian population Opportunities The smart phone users in the Indian market are around 300 million. India is a rapidly developing country and the developed countries have mature markets .Amazon can sell battery free smart phones and meet the power-hungry needs of the smart phones of millions of India populace ( Shahzad and Alwagait 2013). Strength and Opportunity linkage (S-O)-The internal strength of the new battery free phones powered by radio signals can be leveraged by meeting the needs of power-hungry smart phones of millions of Indian users (Vishwakarma, Maurya and Govil 2013). Weakness and Threats of this new product will be development and commercialization of the new technology and threats could be improvement of infrastructure of India to make this phone popular (Sarbah and Otu-Nyarko 2014|). Reference Lists Arpit, L. and Anand, B., 2013. A Study into the Usage Pattern of Smartphone Owners among Students and Service Class.International Journal of Engineering and Management Science,4, pp.187-192. Bhansali, G. and Bhattacharyya, S., 2015. Dynamics and prospects of E-Tail business in India: A qualitative study.South Asian Journal of Marketing Management Research,5(5), pp.36-46. Ding, N., Wagner, D., Chen, X., Pathak, A., Hu, Y.C. and Rice, A., 2013. Characterizing and modeling the impact of wireless signal strength on smartphone battery drain.ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,41(1), pp.29-40. Gangeshwer, D.K., 2013. E-commerce or Internet Marketing: A business Review from Indian context.International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology,6(6), pp.187-194. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. Laudon, Kenneth C., and Carol Guercio Traver.E-commerce. Pearson, 2013. Malhotra, B., 2014. E-Business: Issues Challenges in Indian Perspective.Global Journal of Business Management and Information Technology,4(1), pp.11-16. Martelo Landroguez, S., Barroso Castro, C. and Cepeda-Carrin, G., 2013. Developing an integrated vision of customer value.Journal of Services Marketing,27(3), pp.234-244. Mishra, S.V. and Kotkar, S.N., 2015. A Study on Current Status of E-Commerce in India: A Comparative Analysis of Flipkart and Amazon.International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, ISSN,2327782. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G. and Smith, A., 2014.Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Reddy, N.A. and Divekar, B.R., 2014. A study of challenges faced by e-commerce companies in India and methods employed to overcome them.Procedia Economics and Finance,11, pp.553-560. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Sarbah, A. and Otu-Nyarko, D., 2014. An Overview of the Design School of Strategic Management (Strategy Formulation as a Process of Conception).Open Journal of Business and Management,2(03), p.231. Shahzad, B. and Alwagait, E., 2013, December. Smartphone's popularity measurement by investigating twitter profiles. InInformation and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2013 Third World Congress on(pp. 347-350). IEEE. Vishwakarma, M.L., Maurya, S.L. and Govil, S., 2013. Use of mobile and wireless technology in Indian libraries.International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science,2(6), pp.1799-180

Haitian Music Rara Essay Example For Students

Haitian Music: Rara Essay Dancing is also a very important part of the arrive. These services involve nearly everyone through either the drumming or the dancing. There are two different types of drumming rhythm patterns that are used depending on which sect of Voodoo one is involved with; Radar and Poets. Radar is the most common sect of Voodoo; it constitutes 95% of all practiced Voodoo. This is the Voodoo of the relatively peaceful Iowa, like the family spirits. Poets is the type of Voodoo that westerners tend to think of; it is the Voodoo that involves pin dolls and black magic. In contrast to Radar, it is the Voodoo of the angry, mean and nasty Iowa. During a Poets service, dangerous things occur such as the procurement of sexual orgies and death curses. The now Haitian people were once African slaves under the rule of the French. The Catholic Church wanted to abolish Voodoo, so when the French were occupying the island, up until 1804, Voodoo was forbidden. They would, however, allow occasional dance parties that were, unbeknownst to them, Voodoo services. The African slaves revolted in 1804 and in doing so, they threw the Catholics out of the country by killing the ones who tried to stay. So, the Catholic Church left Haiti and id not return until 1860. During the 56 years when the Catholic Church was not in the country, Voodoo amalgamated with Catholicism; most Iowa were also known as Catholic saints the snake Iowa, Dumbbells, is SST. Patrick and the earth mother, Require, is the Virgin Mary. Through this process, it came about that the Haitian feel that there is nothing wrong with practicing Voodoo alongside Christianity. From 1860 to the late sass, the Catholics came back and fought against Voodoo. The worst of this Holy War was in 1942-43. In the early sass, the Catholic hierarchy decided to change their tactics. They decided that instead of fighting against Voodoo, they ought to work alongside them. Nowadays the Haitian Catholic Church incorporates some of the drum patterns and melodies from Voodoo. Thanks to this co-operation, there has been relative peace ever since. The Protestant Church, on the other hand, did not start sending people as missionaries until the sass. The Protestant Church has a very different viewpoint; they see Voodoo as devil worship. Despite their contrast to the most common religion in Haiti, they still own 7 of 11 radio stations, and conversions to to Protestant Christianity. It is believed that about 15% of Haitian who identify with Christianity are Protestant. By budded what appears to be young people parading very loudly through the streets in an effort to show off their musical ability; it is more than that. As part of the Catholic/ Voodoo amalgamation, Rare began to begin on Epiphany in the church calendar, and runs through until Easter. It is about men establishing a masculine reputation through performance while parading down the streets in a boisterous manner. It is also a way to collect money; they stop for noteworthy people and perform for money much like buckers in North America. The performances include the WA and Rene dancing and singing, the baton majors Juggling batons, or possibly even machetes. The costumes are known for the flash and sparkle they give when the batons twirl due to the amount of sequins and colors involved in the costume. Each costume shows a mix of a lot of different festivals and carnivals from all over the Caribbean. Having said that, it is actually very much religious in ways that the other Caribbean festivals and carnivals are not. Each Rare band is associated with a Iowa; each band is usually asked to be formed y that Iowa. In fact, the Rare itself is a gift to the Iowa. In the middle of the procession there is a ceremony going on for the Iowa of the Rare band. At the same time, they are heating-up their instruments. Sometimes, they go to the cemetery so they can ask permission to capture zombie spirits recently dead so that they can help to heat up the band. This is a very complicated ritual. .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .postImageUrl , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:hover , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:visited , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:active { border:0!important; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:active , .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95 .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7cca1a81d7308cd3a0fe4b96208eeb95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of Music Education: Greek, Roman and Egyptian EssayThe Haitian that practice Voodoo associate with the Jews because when the Haitian were African slaves, the Europeans expressly considered both Jews and Africans to be devil worshippers. This works into the Rare because many bands will perform elaborate passion plays about the suffering and death of Jesus, while others will make straw dummies of either Judas, or a generic Jew, and imitate what the Pharisees did to Jesus dragging him through the streets and beating him and at the end of it they burn the doll, as opposed to Jesus hanging on the cross. In a different version of Rare, it is believed that Rare is actually a Jewish festival that the Haitian continue in order to keep ancestral Jewish traditions alive. In addition to the history and Jewish comparison, these Rare festivals are thought f in a military sense; they are thought to be the military branch of a particular Voodoo society. Not only do they have rather extravagant musical bands and are competing with the Rare bands that might be around them, but they also have ranks. It is very hierarchical; they have Presidents, Colonels, Majors, Captains, and so on. This is believed to have originated from the peasant armies of the eighteenth century; marching bands accompanied them. For this reason, and as a reason all to its own, Rare is also a political activist festival. It is in the context of Rare that Haitian make their views on everything from and erosion to massive migration, unemployment, poverty, famine, dictatorships and so on. Because Haiti is religiously free, like Canada, this religious festival is the perfect outlet for opinions and beliefs to be expressed. They express themselves a lot through their lyrics. They express their views on politics in the local community usually, but sometimes they also express their views about the national situation. Because of their large otherwise. There is a spectrum of different types of Rare bands; they can be anything from simple to very complex. On the simple end of the spectrum there is a capable (voice only) and also charily-pee (foot bands). The foot bands stomp the tempo of the song in a marching rhythm. On the complex end of the spectrum, there are bands that use brass musicians and instruments from comps (popular music) and achieve national reputations because of it. These bands often play catchy melodies at very high volumes. Somewhere around the middle of the spectrum we find the typical Rare orchestra. This orchestra is made up of three drums, three bamboo instruments called bonbon or a few sonnet (metal horns), a grand mount of percussionists playing small, hand-held instruments, and lastly, a chorus of singers. Alongside the Rare is a set of performers (Mac ¶ Jon) or kings and queens (WA and Rene) who dance for money. Rare drums are most commonly made of goatskin and tuned by adjusting the small pegs located along the body. The three types of Rare drums are the Manama, Kate and bas. The Manama and Kate of are also used in the ceremonial drumming, however, the bas replaces the Essen due to the portability and lightweight needed for the Rare that is not provided by the Essen. The Manama and Kate are both single-headed drums that use a rope across the shoulder to keep them strapped to the body. The bas, on the other hand, is a round wooden frame much like a cross-stitch frame with a goatskin top; it is a hand-held instrument. The bonbon/evasion are pieces of hollowed out bamboo with a mouthpiece fashioned at the top. They are cut to different lengths to imitate a range of sounds. Each player has one note, so the combination of players improvise together until they find a pleasing short melody that is catchy and easy to play. To ensure they stay soother in timing, they also use long sticks to hit the bonbon making the instrument both percussive and melodic.