Transmission Line Performance Engineering Assignment - 1375 Words

Transmission Line Performance Engineering Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: NAME:LECTURER:UNIT TITLE:POWER SYSTEMS 1LAB TITLE:TRANSMISSION LINE PERFORMANCE * Introduction.The performance of a transmission line changes as the loading changes. In particular, for a given load power factor, both the efficiency and the voltage regulation vary as the line loading varies. * General Objective.The key objective of conducting this laboratory exercise is to gain a better understanding of the transmission line modelling as well as the effect of the line loading on the receiving-end voltage and reactive power requirement.The specific objectives include: * Modeling a simple power system using the Power World Simulator. * Investigating the impact of various transmission line parameters on the line performance. * Investigating the effect of line loading on the receiving-end voltage and reactive power requirement.The figure above shows the single-generator system to be modelled.THE PROCEDURE OF SIMULATION. * Model line with all the three parameters set to non -zero. * Set the sending-end voltage to Vs = 1.00 per unit (p.u) and the load at PR= O MW, QR=0 MVAr. * Switch to Run Mode. * Then select SimulationReset to flat start. * Next, select SimulationSingle solution Full Newton. * Record values of Ps, Qs, PR, QR, VR, and measured with VR as the reference. * Maintaining the power factor constant at unity, increase PR in steps of 50 MW until the system becomes unstable.Note values of PMAX for which the system becomes unstable. * Repeat Steps 3 to 6 for 0.9 load power factor (a). Lagging.(b). Leading. * Select SimulationReset to Flat Start in Run mode before solving the load flow in each instance that the load is to be changed.RESULTS FOR THE EXPERIMENT.The parameters recorded were as follows: * Real power at receiving-end, PR (Mega-Watts, MW) * Reactive power at receiving-end, QR (Mega-Voltage Ampheres reactive, MVAr) * Voltage at the receiving-end, VR (per unit, p.u) * Load angle at the receiving-end, (deg) * Real power at the send ing-end, PS (Mega-Watts, MW) * Reactive power at the sending-end, QS (Mega-Voltage Ampheres reactive, MVAr) * The calculated efficiency for each case in percentage, (%) * The voltage regulation in percentage, V.R (%) * Results when the system operates at unity power factor.PR (MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS (MW) QS (MVAr) Efficiency% Voltage Regulation 0 0 1.01 -0.03 0.07 -14.72 0 -0.9901 50 0 1.00 2.42 50.29 -12.52 99.4233 0 100 0 0.99 4.83 100.85 -6.05 99.1572 1.0101 150 0 0.99 7.31 151.93 4.94 98.7297 1.0101 200 0 0.97 9.87 203.51 20.89 98.2753 3.0928 250 0 0.96 12.54 255.64 42.38 97.7938 4.1667 300 0 0.94 15.37 308.41 70.33 97.2731 6.3830 350 0 0.92 18.42 361.97 106.18 96.6931 8.6957 400 0 0.90 21.81 416.56 152.37 96.0246 11.1111 450 0 0.86 25.75 472.65 213.73 95.2079 16.2791 500 0 0.81 30.81 531.56 302.98 94.0628 23.4568 550 0 0.67 43.16 602.84 551.29 91.2348 49.2537 600 System Blackout 0 0.51 54.23 572.99 781.61 104.7139 96.0784 * Results when the system operates at 0.9 Leading Power Factor.PR(MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS(MW) QS(MVAr) Efficiency% Voltage Regulation5 50 -24.220 1.02 -2.48 50.28 -36.33 99.44 -1.9608 100 -48.432 1.03 -4.88 101.02 -53.28 98.99 -2.9126 150 -72.649 1.04 -7.23 152.24 -65.80 98.53 -3.8462 200 -96.865 1.05 -9.57 203.83 -74.02 98.12 -4.7619 250 -121.081 1.06 -11.90 255.86 -78.02 97.71 -5.6604 300 -145.300 1.07 -14.25 308.32 -77.70 97.30 -6.5421 350 -169.513 1.07 -16.62 361.21 -73.04 96.90 -6.5421 400 -193.73 1.07 -19.05 414.56 -63.80 96.49 -6.5421 450 -217.946 1.07 -21.53 468.40 -49.63 96.07 -6.5421 500 -242.162 1.07 -24.12 522.78 -30.04 95.64 -6.5421 550 -236.387 1.04 -27.36 577.86 27.18 95.18 -3.8462 600 -257.877 1.03 -30.45 633.98 65.75 94.64 -2.9126 650 -279.367 1.01 -33.89 690.97 115.55 94.07 -0.99 700 -300.857 0.99 -37.93 749.80 182.17 93.36 1.0101 750 System Blackout -322.346 0.95 -43.23 811.71 280.09 92.40 5.2632 * Results when the system operates at 0.9 Lagging Power Factor.PR (MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS (MW) QS (MVAr) Efficiency Voltage Regulation 50 24.220 0.98 -2.35 50.24 12.32 99.5223 2.0408 100 48.432 0.95 -4.81 101.08 45.33 98.9315 5.2632 150 72.649 0.92 -7.47 152.66 85.79 98.2576 8.6957 200 96.865 0.88 -10.42 205.21 136.05 97.4611 13.6364 250 121.081 0.83 -13.83 259.16 200.48 96.4655 20.4819 300 145.300 0.76 -18.13 315.65 290.27 95.0420 31.5789 350 169.513 0.65 -24.78 374.95 442.77 93.3458 53.8462 400 System Blackout 193.730 0.55 -30.91 397.15 591.89 100.7176 81.8182 QUESTIONSFrom the results obtained in the procedure, draw the following graphs for the 3 load power factors (unity, 0.9 lagging, and 0.9 leading) on the same axis. * Graph of QS (reactive power at the sending-end) against PR (real...