Bowling Alone Free Essays

This article manages the connection between's a sound, dynamic culture and one that is locked in commonly with sociological issues and ties. The insights communicated in Putnam’s paper show a fairly fast decrease in our societies’ common commitment in the last 25 years. Putnam accentuates the valiant significance of a solid and dynamic culture for development and advancement in a majority rule government. We will compose a custom article test on Bowling Alone or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Moving forward without any more social improvement Americans could disintegrate their once solid, socially drew in the public eye down to an individualistic vote based system that would break our national image.Putnam’s exposition is titled, â€Å"Bowling Alone†, he gives accentuation, and profundity to this title in a few distinct manners all through his article. Maybe, the most intriguing and eccentric snippet of data that he shares however is a bowling measurement. More contemporary Americans are bowling than any other time in recent memory ever, in spite of the fact that, bowling in composed associations has dove in the most recent decade. Somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1993 the all out number of bowlers in America expanded by 10 percent, while class bowling diminished by 40 percent.This measurement, that shows the ascent of solo bowling undermines the specific, occupation of bowling business owners on the grounds that a considerable lot of those individuals who bowl as individuals from alliances devour three fold the amount of lager and pizza. Basic information at that point becomes an integral factor, the benefit cash in bowling doesn't get from the balls and shoes yet rather different consumptions, for example, lager and pizza. The more extensive social noteworthiness, in this issue however, anyway lies in the social correspondence and discussions that can get from lager and pizza, when contrasted with solo bowlers.Putnam offers other data that bolsters his case, other than bowling measurements. In certain pieces of the paper, he shares that authoritative gatherings, all in all have encountered a huge decrease in new participation, in the course of the last 25 years. Church-related gatherings are the most well-known kind of association joined by Americans, ladies particularly. Different instances of famous associations every now and again joined by Americans are, school administration gatherings, sports gatherings, proficient social orders, artistic gatherings, trade guilds, friendly gatherings, and veterans’ gatherings. These hierarchical gatherings share one normal characteristic, a decrease in new membership.There are results that follow after a general public starts, to lose it commonly drew in residents, for private, less confiding in ones. In an overview done, more than 35 nations, it shows that social trust and metro commitment are firmly associated. The more prominent the measure of associational enrollment in a general public, the all the more confiding in it s residents, are probably going to be. Trust and commitment are two segments of the equivalent fundamental factor, social capital. America is as yet positioned generally high by cross-national principles in the two regions of social capital; and its residents are more trusting and more connected with than individuals in most different pieces of the world, still.What, these patterns appear in the past 25 years, in any case, have set United States fundamentally lower in the global rankings of social capital. A disturbing chance that this data gives is in another 25 years in light of present conditions of progress, America could be generally proportional to South Korea, Belgium, or Estonia today. Two generations’ decrease at a similar rate would leave the United States at the degree of today’s Chile, Portugal, and Slovenia. Putnam doesn't offer any solid answers for these present patterns, however he shares his recommendation and knowledge on such a complex problem.Giving greater obligation to the establishment s that bring up our kids could be the appropriate response. Maybe finding better approaches to arrive at more youthful ages at a progressively huge point in adolescence could bend this pattern. For instance, initiating a greater number of projects and associations instead of the run of the mill sports or scholarly exercises, advertised. Reshaping the homeroom and offering increasingly social dynamic classes could assume a noteworthy job in imparting a solid social strengthening significance to a youngster. Another opportunities for an accommodating change in this present pattern could be given in a delegate media source, for the individuals, by the people.There is no uncertainty that our present media today is by all accounts a goliath carnival that centers just around insignificant issues and looks for just high appraisals. Maybe, a media source that really isn't centered around getting appraisals or pushing particular motivation on Americans could be the appropriate response. Most news sources today appear to lack of engagement numerous Ame ricans with exploded stories, and every station political belief systems. Making a station with no predisposition, giving direct data to the individuals about main problems in this nation could produce more enthusiasm for our country’s politics.Television can contact a larger number of individuals than some other source on the planet, why not use it to arrive at the social objection in America? what's more, be an answer instead of the issue. All in all, Putnam’s article offers a non-predisposition true record of a developing issue that people in the future may confront. There is no reasonable answer for this discussion, what is clear however, in any case, is the essentialness of this issue. To unravel this, it will take numerous arrangements and factors. Counter patterns have demonstrated what lies ahead, new social gatherings must take the matchless quality and give it power. Instructions to refer to Bowling Alone, Papers

Mindfulness Meditation Exercise for Anxiety

Mindfulness Meditation Exercise for Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print Use Mindfulness Meditation to Ease Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 19, 2019 felixhug / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Practicing mindfulness meditation can be an effective way to manage feelings of stress and anxiety, and can even be used as a relaxation technique for panic disorder. This meditation technique can help you slow down racing thoughts, let go of negativity, and calm both your mind and body. Research across age groups, gender, and geographical borders has shown how powerful a practice it can be. A 2015 study, for example, demonstrated a significant drop in anxiety and stress among nursing students practicing mindfulness meditation techniques. There were similar findings among adolescents in the U.S. diagnosed with anxiety in a 2019 study. The common thread among these and other studies is the way mindfulness meditation helps peopleâ€"particularly those with anxiety who often worry about the past or futureâ€"focus on the present moment. How to Practice Mindfulness Meditation When you first begin meditating, you may be surprised at how challenging it can be to sit in silence. In fact, the act of sitting still may put your thoughts in turbo drive. To get started with the practice, ease in with sessions of only a few minutes. Once you develop a more regular, familiar practice, you can gradually increase your time. Its also important to meditate in an area where you wont be distracted by your surroundings or interrupted by people, pets, or phones. Remove your shoes, any heavy jewelry, or restricting clothing. The goal is to meditate in a space thats as peaceful as possible. Once you establish a time and place, begin building a foundation for your meditation exercise with these four steps. Find a comfortable position. Many people like to sit on the floor with legs crossed and spine straight. But you may favor sitting with one or both legs stretched forward, upright in a chair, or lying on your back. Find a position that feels comfortable enough that you wont be too distracted by your body, but not so at ease that youre unaware of your bodyâ€"or might fall asleep.Bring your awareness to the present. Once youre sitting comfortably in a quiet area, start focusing inward. Close your eyes and begin with a breathing exercise. Simply notice your breathing pattern, but don’t try to change it; this exercise will help you bring your awareness to the present moment. If you notice your mind wandering, bring attention back to your breath.Acknowledge your thoughts. Initially, practicing meditation can increase feelings of anxiety or self-judgment. Am I doing this right? What should I be doing? Im not doing this right! Rather than trying to suppress that inner dialogue, simply reco gnize it and wait for these thoughts to pass. This practice will help you learn how to sit with uncomfortable thoughts without responding. Over time, you may begin to feel less anxious and experience more inner peace.Finish your meditation. When your meditation feels complete or youve reached your desired time, open your eyes. Gradually come out of your meditation by engaging in a few body stretches and taking some time to reflect on your practice. Tips to Improve Your Meditation Exercise Once youve built a foundation, you may notice previous signs of anxietyâ€"like ruminating on past events or insomniaâ€"greatly reduced. But like any new modality, it may take some practice. Here are some ways to ensure a smooth start: Mindfulness meditation can be done at any time of day. You may find that meditating when you wake up helps you reduce morning anxiety. Perhaps you find that meditating in the evening allows you to get a better night’s rest. Try different times of day to determine what suits you best.It can be hard to keep track of time during meditation. If youre worried that you will go over your designated time, consider using an alarm or timer. This will keep your attention away from the clock and back on your practice.Find the meditation technique thats right for you. Mindfulness meditation doesnt have to mean sitting in silence. You can practice it in your daily life during seemingly ordinary activities, like walking, eating, or spending time with your kids. A Word From Verywell Starting a meditation practice can be challenging, from finding the time and space in a busy schedule to facing fearful, judgmental thoughts that can cause anxiety. With consistencyâ€"even just a few minutes each dayâ€"you can find the practice thats right for you and see a decrease in anxiety and panic symptoms. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Transmission Line Performance Engineering Assignment - 1375 Words

Transmission Line Performance Engineering Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: NAME:LECTURER:UNIT TITLE:POWER SYSTEMS 1LAB TITLE:TRANSMISSION LINE PERFORMANCE * Introduction.The performance of a transmission line changes as the loading changes. In particular, for a given load power factor, both the efficiency and the voltage regulation vary as the line loading varies. * General Objective.The key objective of conducting this laboratory exercise is to gain a better understanding of the transmission line modelling as well as the effect of the line loading on the receiving-end voltage and reactive power requirement.The specific objectives include: * Modeling a simple power system using the Power World Simulator. * Investigating the impact of various transmission line parameters on the line performance. * Investigating the effect of line loading on the receiving-end voltage and reactive power requirement.The figure above shows the single-generator system to be modelled.THE PROCEDURE OF SIMULATION. * Model line with all the three parameters set to non -zero. * Set the sending-end voltage to Vs = 1.00 per unit (p.u) and the load at PR= O MW, QR=0 MVAr. * Switch to Run Mode. * Then select SimulationReset to flat start. * Next, select SimulationSingle solution Full Newton. * Record values of Ps, Qs, PR, QR, VR, and measured with VR as the reference. * Maintaining the power factor constant at unity, increase PR in steps of 50 MW until the system becomes unstable.Note values of PMAX for which the system becomes unstable. * Repeat Steps 3 to 6 for 0.9 load power factor (a). Lagging.(b). Leading. * Select SimulationReset to Flat Start in Run mode before solving the load flow in each instance that the load is to be changed.RESULTS FOR THE EXPERIMENT.The parameters recorded were as follows: * Real power at receiving-end, PR (Mega-Watts, MW) * Reactive power at receiving-end, QR (Mega-Voltage Ampheres reactive, MVAr) * Voltage at the receiving-end, VR (per unit, p.u) * Load angle at the receiving-end, (deg) * Real power at the send ing-end, PS (Mega-Watts, MW) * Reactive power at the sending-end, QS (Mega-Voltage Ampheres reactive, MVAr) * The calculated efficiency for each case in percentage, (%) * The voltage regulation in percentage, V.R (%) * Results when the system operates at unity power factor.PR (MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS (MW) QS (MVAr) Efficiency% Voltage Regulation 0 0 1.01 -0.03 0.07 -14.72 0 -0.9901 50 0 1.00 2.42 50.29 -12.52 99.4233 0 100 0 0.99 4.83 100.85 -6.05 99.1572 1.0101 150 0 0.99 7.31 151.93 4.94 98.7297 1.0101 200 0 0.97 9.87 203.51 20.89 98.2753 3.0928 250 0 0.96 12.54 255.64 42.38 97.7938 4.1667 300 0 0.94 15.37 308.41 70.33 97.2731 6.3830 350 0 0.92 18.42 361.97 106.18 96.6931 8.6957 400 0 0.90 21.81 416.56 152.37 96.0246 11.1111 450 0 0.86 25.75 472.65 213.73 95.2079 16.2791 500 0 0.81 30.81 531.56 302.98 94.0628 23.4568 550 0 0.67 43.16 602.84 551.29 91.2348 49.2537 600 System Blackout 0 0.51 54.23 572.99 781.61 104.7139 96.0784 * Results when the system operates at 0.9 Leading Power Factor.PR(MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS(MW) QS(MVAr) Efficiency% Voltage Regulation5 50 -24.220 1.02 -2.48 50.28 -36.33 99.44 -1.9608 100 -48.432 1.03 -4.88 101.02 -53.28 98.99 -2.9126 150 -72.649 1.04 -7.23 152.24 -65.80 98.53 -3.8462 200 -96.865 1.05 -9.57 203.83 -74.02 98.12 -4.7619 250 -121.081 1.06 -11.90 255.86 -78.02 97.71 -5.6604 300 -145.300 1.07 -14.25 308.32 -77.70 97.30 -6.5421 350 -169.513 1.07 -16.62 361.21 -73.04 96.90 -6.5421 400 -193.73 1.07 -19.05 414.56 -63.80 96.49 -6.5421 450 -217.946 1.07 -21.53 468.40 -49.63 96.07 -6.5421 500 -242.162 1.07 -24.12 522.78 -30.04 95.64 -6.5421 550 -236.387 1.04 -27.36 577.86 27.18 95.18 -3.8462 600 -257.877 1.03 -30.45 633.98 65.75 94.64 -2.9126 650 -279.367 1.01 -33.89 690.97 115.55 94.07 -0.99 700 -300.857 0.99 -37.93 749.80 182.17 93.36 1.0101 750 System Blackout -322.346 0.95 -43.23 811.71 280.09 92.40 5.2632 * Results when the system operates at 0.9 Lagging Power Factor.PR (MW) QR (MVAr) VR (pu) (deg) PS (MW) QS (MVAr) Efficiency Voltage Regulation 50 24.220 0.98 -2.35 50.24 12.32 99.5223 2.0408 100 48.432 0.95 -4.81 101.08 45.33 98.9315 5.2632 150 72.649 0.92 -7.47 152.66 85.79 98.2576 8.6957 200 96.865 0.88 -10.42 205.21 136.05 97.4611 13.6364 250 121.081 0.83 -13.83 259.16 200.48 96.4655 20.4819 300 145.300 0.76 -18.13 315.65 290.27 95.0420 31.5789 350 169.513 0.65 -24.78 374.95 442.77 93.3458 53.8462 400 System Blackout 193.730 0.55 -30.91 397.15 591.89 100.7176 81.8182 QUESTIONSFrom the results obtained in the procedure, draw the following graphs for the 3 load power factors (unity, 0.9 lagging, and 0.9 leading) on the same axis. * Graph of QS (reactive power at the sending-end) against PR (real...

Rumors, Lies and Essay Help Wiseessays.com

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Management Styles - 1872 Words

Management Styles of Apple, Google, and SEMCO There are some businesses in the world that stand out more then others due to their success and ability to stay relevant in their sectors. Three such companies, Apple, Google and Semco are like the all-star team of corporations that command respect at the mention of their names. The reasons for their success are illustrated in the business articles â€Å"Managing Without Managers,† â€Å"How Apple Got Everything Right by doing Everything Wrong,† and â€Å"Where does Google go from here?† These articles give us some historical information about the companies, and some insights into their management styles. Apple has become very successful with an autocratic system under Steve Jobs, Google is very good to†¦show more content†¦Semco has done so well in generating quality products in an unconventional managerial environment that American companies are trying to understand Semco’s organizational skills. The biggest issue, elating to the success or failure of any business is management. In fact, the need for high standards of leadership has led to businesses spending millions of dollars every year to shape current employees into future assets. As Althouse et al. state, companies today usually rely on managers to guide the daily process using human, technological, financial, and other resources to create a competitive advantage (206). The traditional method of management involved a triangle shaped hierarchy. At the top of this hierarchy, were the authorities, or bosses. Below them, were managers, and underneath, supervisors and entry-level staff at the bottom (210). However, many companies have started to adjust this system in varying degrees, because as Semler mentioned, it is simply too far from the top of the pyramid to the bottom. In other words, the minor staffs do not communicate enough with the executives (Semler 1). With the move from autocratic, or top down management toward s more participatory management style, companies can empower their staff. With increased autonomy, the staffs have more control over decisions, and their motivation increases. Apple is an excellent example of an autocratic leadership, in which there is a boss who leads his/her employees with clearShow MoreRelatedManagement Style1277 Words   |  6 PagesAs you may know, different management styles are required in different parts of the world. It is important to choose the right management style for each situation, which is a key to success for an organization. All managers use a management process which consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. So they have to perform many roles in an enterprise. What they can do with various situations will totally depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadershipRead MoreManagement Styles1016 Words   |  5 PagesThere are several very different types of management styles ranging from democratic which allows the subordinates to play an active role in the decisions that management makes to autocratic which cuts the subordinate out of the decision making process a llowing those in management to make a unilateral decision. Both styles have their proponents as well as their detractors. This paper will outline the various forms of management and attempt to clarify and categorize their various strengths and weaknessesRead MoreManagement Styles1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe management culture provides the developing direction of a company. It decides the characteristic and company culture in an enterprise. However, the style can be influenced by certain factors, such as, policy, history background, social system, international competition. In this essay, three management styles and two company types will be indentified and discussed. Management style belongs to management strategy; it can be composed of operation strategy, company culture and managers. ToRead MoreManagement Styles Analysis1456 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Styles Management is a far-running subject and there are many definitions of management. From my point of view, management is described as a process to get something done in the business environment. It is the person called Manager who gets various jobs done by assign works to people working with him/her. How the Manager can get the things done effectively and efficiently is an important problem that should be researched. Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1958, 1973), who arguedRead MoreThe Autocratic Style Of Management922 Words   |  4 PagesManagement is a key part in any organizations. Managers are the people that make the decisions that affect everybody below them.This job is very demanding and requires people to be attentive to their surroundings, situations, and their co-workers to be truly effective. Naturally, not every person is going to manage a group of workers the same way, but there are predefined terms to describe how managers manage. There is the autocratic style, t he democratic style, the chaotic style, and managementRead MoreThe Autocratic Management Style As A Non Effective Style1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autocratic Management style is not hard to distinguish in the workplace. Opinions are kept to themselves concerning the firm’s approach to cases, and all employees know what they are expected to do and not do. In this management style only one attorney is in charge and he or she resolves all issues. This type of management style can be thought of as more of a dictatorship. They can be found in small-scale offices and there is only one attorney proprietor. The staff is never in doubt aboutRead MoreAn Introduction to Management Styles3058 Words   |  13 PagesUnit 4001 - An Introduction to Management Styles 1. Be able to understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour that are relevant to the practice of management. They describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation. Theory X represents a negative view on of human nature that assumes individualsRead More4001 Management Styles3336 Words   |  14 PagesUNIT 4001 – An Introduction to Management Style By: Peter Collins Candidate Number: P04352307 Question 1 a) Select two models that were covered on the training programme, which make suppositions about human nature and how people behave at work, and briefly describe them. b) With reference to these models, discuss how individual attitudes and assumptions can influence your behaviour as a manager. Question 2 a) Describe the three management styles of Laissez-Faire, Participative and AutocraticRead MoreThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship between the Structure, Culture, and Management Styles in Tescos There is a clear relationship between the structure, culture and management styles in Tescos here are some examples showing this: Tescos uses power culture which has a top down (tall structure) whereby objectives are determined by the individual or individuals. This structure is also linked in with an autocratic management style as this structure tends to have a ‘them and us attitude’ whichRead More The Management Style at Cadbury Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesA description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward

How far is military force an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2398 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Recent years have seen an increase in military force being used as a tool for increasing the scope for humanitarian values within conflict zones. This paper assesses this trend, and uses a number of conflict case studies as a vehicle for evaluating this premise. In doing so, this paper considers that the Libyan intervention in 2011 offers a case study which argues that state led humanitarian intervention is borne out of a political, as opposed to a humanitarian, need. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How far is military force an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values?" essay for you Create order This undermines the promotion of humanitarian values. The concept of military led humanitarian intervention can be found within a highly subjective area of academic and political thought. With regards to this, there are some commentators, such as Waxman (2013: n.p.) who consider that military led humanitarian intervention consists of   the use of military force to protect foreign populations from mass atrocities or gross human rights abuses whilst others, including Marjanovic (2012: n.p.) see this particular course of action as being a state using military force against another state when the chief publicly declared aim of that military action is ending human-rights violations being perpetrated by the state against which it is directed. With regards to this subjectivity there is a series of overlapping concepts that help to further the debate in this area. These overlapping areas can be found within a number of conceptual areas including war and conflict within which humani tarian values are negatively impacted by activities which impact upon non-combatants, these include human rights abuses.   Where humanitarian values are considered, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2013) holds a perspective which suggests that these comprise of aspiration in relation to humanity, neutrality, independence, and impartiality. In this regard, therefore, one can suggest that where military forces are deployed in order to promote or support humanitarian operations it is necessary that these forces act accordingly within the boundaries of these guiding principles. In their totality, therefore, it is arguable that there exists a number of factors which need to be present where a situation occurs that requires military led humanitarian assistance. With regards to any underpinning intervention that relates to issues covered within humanitarian interventions, Weiss (2012: 1) believes that it is possible that an underlying notion of a responsibilit y to protect is a dominating factor in contemporary geo-political thinking, however instead of this doctrinal approach being used across the globe Weiss (2012) believes that the global community tends to cherry-pick the various conflicts that it intervenes in, this is discussed elsewhere in this paper. That said, Minear Weiss (1995) had previously indicated that any military intervention that seeks to promote humanitarian values should incorporate a post war recovery planning and redevelopment programme. However recent decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War, has seen an increase in the numbers of military led humanitarian interventions that are related to activities undertaken to improve the human condition (Weiss, 2012: 1). This latter issue, concerning the human condition, suggests that there has been a genuine shift in the contemporary conflict environment. This shift is primarily based on the progression from conventional warfare to of asymmetric warfare which invo lves a number of non-state actors and combatants. This is a factor that has not been ignored by Weiss (2012). Here the suggestion that, today, only state led military interventions can promote humanitarian values has been promoted because non-state actors are not bound by regulations and international protocols regarding the dynamics and conduct of war. Indeed this particular perspective gains an increased level of support where the current post Cold War conflict environment is considered. For Pattison (2010) the years following the end of the Cold War have resulted in a vastly increased number of military operations that have been designed to support humanitarian values through intervention. These interventions have occurred in a plethora of collapsed or failed states and include, but are not limited to. post Gulf War (1991à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"2003) Iraq, Bosnia Serbia (1995), The Balkans and Kosovo (1992-1999), East Timor (1999) Somalia (2002), Haiti (2004), and Libya (2011). The se interventions, for some, also include the post 9-11 eras intervention in to Afghanistan and latterly in Iraq (2003-2010) (Pattison, 2010). In this regards, Weiss (2012) believes that the underlying concept of humanitarian intervention has helped to increase the potential for international interventions into other states because of a need to increase the level of protection offered to non-combatants from conflict. However, the earlier indication of cherry picking conflicts offers for a greater insight into the nature of political discourses which take place at the United Nations (UN) Security Council with regards to these conflicts and where state led political aspirations are an overbearing factor in the intervention tools and choices made by states. Indeed one can argue that the current and ongoing conflict in Syria offers as a casing point particularly since all state actors which have intervened possess their own aspirations in shaping the future of that particular country (Ha aretz, 2014; Press TV, 2013; Ruthven, 2014; Time, 2015). In some respects, therefore, the issue of humanitarian intervention and its related values base is being abused in order that these political aspirations can be furthered (Dagher, 2014). This aspect, however, is a perpetual factor in the international arena, particularly where realist agendas are taken into consideration (Bayliss Smith, 2001). One area where international intervention has been encouraged is in relation to ethnic conflict. Kaldor (1998) recognises that the end of the Cold War resulted in an increase in the frequency of ethnically charged conflicts and that these types of conflict have been offered as a rationale for international humanitarian based interventions In respect of this, Kaldor (1998) argues that the changes that have taken place within conflict dynamics that has resulted in belligerent forces not being constrained by international regulations, including the Geneva Convention protocols, Laws of A rmed Conflict or relevant United Nations Charters (Kaldor, 1998) has led to humanitarian values being used as an excuse to further the political aspirations of a number of states. The result of this changed dynamic has perpetuated and has spread to a number of conflict zones around the world. However, it has led to an increase in the reliance upon conventional forces whose role has been to offer peace keeping and security services to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in support of their own operations. In this respect it is noted that Christoplos, Longley, and Slaymaker (2004) consider that the intervention strategies have also altered in recent years. Here, they note that   the underpinning intervention programmes now seek to promote humanitarian values and that this is evidenced by the creation of a tripartite doctrinal system which now utilises areas of national and personal rehabilitation; added to this are post war recovery programmes that are intended to help redeve lop both the state and social infrastructures; finally there is the central issue of relief programmes that seek to maintain the fabric of civil society during crisis periods. For Seybolt (2007) this perspective adds weight to any argument that promotes the possibility that military humanitarian interventions can assist NGOs in their duties via the provision of security provisions. However, it is also recognised that adding external military forces into a combat zone has can lead to further complications primarily because military operations possess a potential for using force when necessary (Davidson, 2012; Ministry of Defence, 2011). In promotion of a perspective which says that deployed military forces can utilise force is well grounded in military doctrines. For example the UK Ministry of Defence promotes a policy whereby The peacekeeper fulfils a mandate with the strategic consent of the main warring parties, allowing a degree of freedom to fulfil its task in an impartial ma nner, while a sustainable peace settlement is pursued. (Ministry of Defence, 2011: 1.1). This perspective suggests that it is possible for military personnel whose primary function is to assist NGOs as part of the promotion of humanitarian values is in fact a secondary consideration. Ultimately the use of military force within humanitarian interventions is a purely political choice that is intended to help reshape the political landscape of the affected region or state in the post conflict environment. With regards to the current Syrian conflict, one can argue that the divergent and conflicting political perspectives and aspirations is a factor which will undermine the potential for any real focus upon the promotion of humanitarian values. Indeed, it is also recognised that this eventuality does little to promote the principles of humanitarianism as argued by the likes of the ICRC (2013). In effect the possibility that military forces can conduct purely military operations, or war p hase fighting, during a humanitarian intervention undermines any utilitarian or altruistic claims made by the respective political powers. In its totality this suggests that the aforementioned issue of political realism is both present and ongoing.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Indeed such an argument can be backed up by a policy review of the recent and ongoing Afghan conflict. A review of UK doctrinal papers promotes this papers preference that military operations incorporate the possibility that war fighting, as well as security duties, is a contingent factor in the preparations for any military force. Stabilisation programmes in the Afghanistan intervention occurred in an environment where the UKs military had the consent of the host nation government but no other warring party (Afghanistan: Taliban 2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" present)..A military force may decide in such situations that the defeat of a specific enemy is essential to the success of the operation. (Ministry of Defence, 2011: 1.1). Essentially, therefore, in political terms it is feasible that political intentions can undermine any altruistic argument in relation to the deployment of military forces to carry out humanitarian operations. For some the recent humanitarian intervention into Libya is an example of this outcome. The recent UN backed military intervention in Libya was mandated via humanitarian intervention that was intended to provide relief and assistance (United Nations, 2011). The promotion of this intervention was supposed to further the seven values of humanitarian intervention, as promoted by the ICRC (2013) however one can argue that the resultant intervention was mainly politically motivated because there is sufficient evidence to indicate that Gaddafis regime had been a long time foe of those states which executed the intervention (USA, UK France) (Boulton, 2008). In promotion of their intervention, the USA UK, and France had argued that a failure to intervene would result in a hum anitarian crisis caused by the perpetuation of conflict. However, Kuperman (2011) argues that the resultant UN Resolution 1973 (United Nations, 2011) created conditions where the intervening military forces could operate beyond the realms of Resolution 1973. These included, for example, allowing the USA, UK, and France to conduct stabilisation operations so that the authority of the Gaddafi regime could be undermined, thereby helping to bring this conflict to a swift conclusion. In layman terms this meant military intervention via war fighting. With regards to this, Kuperman (2011) also argues that Libyan state functions were impacted, including the freezing of its financial and economic assets. It was also argued that the intervening forces of the USA, France and the UK oversaw the deployment of private military contractors whose role was to undertake anti Gaddafi operations thereby seeking to overthrow his regime (RT News, 2012). In effect, the usage of humanitarian justifications for military intervention in conflict can be defined in terms of the actions and justification of the states whose forces have been committed to operate in those areas and regions. In its totality, therefore, the usage of military force as an effective instrument for the promotion of humanitarian values is limited. These limitations can be found within the underlying political rationales that exist within states that are prepared to commit forces for these operations, particularly where these states have an interest in the realisation of a particular outcome. Whilst humanitarian led interventions have become a mainstay of the post Cold War climate, one can argue that the promotion of the seven humanitarian values that are promoted by the ICRC (2013) are undermined by the intervening forces because of their ability to both flout their mandate, as well as their ability to conduct war fighting operations under the guise of humanitarianism. In essence, therefore, one can argue that there are genuine limits to the ability of military forces to promote humanitarian values however these limitations are not factors which states consider when seeking to intervene in any conflict. Bibliography Bayliss, J., Smith, S., (2001), The Globalisation of World Politics. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Boulton, A., (2008), Memoirs of the Blair Administration: Tonys Ten Years, London: Simon Schuster. Christoplos, I., Longley, C. and Slaymaker, T., (2004), The Changing Roles of Agricultural Rehabilitation: Linking Relief, Development and Support to Rural Livelihoods, available at https://odi.org.uk/wpp/publications_pdfs/Agricultural_rehabilitation.pdf, (accessed on 17/10/15). Dagher, S., (2014), Kurds Fight Islamic State to Claim a Piece of Syria, (online), available at https://online.wsj.com/articles/kurds-fight-islamic-state-to-claim-a-piece-of-syria-1415843557, (accessed on 17/10/15). Davidson, J., (2012), Principles of Modern American Counterinsurgency: Evolution and Debate, Washington DC: Brookings Institute. Haaretz, (2014), Russia demands Israeli explanation of air strikes in Syria, (online), available at https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.6305 84, (accessed on 20/10/15). International Committee of the Red Cross, (2013), Humanitarian Values and Response to Crisis, (online), available at https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jmlz.htm, (accessed on 17/10/15). Kuperman, A., (2011), False Pretence for war in Libya, available at https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2011/04/14/false_pretense_for_war_in_libya/, (accessed on 17/10/15). Marjanovic, M., (2011), Is Humanitarian War the Exception?, (online), available at https://mises.org/daily/5160/Is-Humanitarian-War-the-Exception, (accessed on 17/10/15). Minear, L and Weiss, T.G., (1995), Mercy Under Fire: War and the Global Humanitarian Community, Boulder: Westview Press. Ministry of Defence, (2011), Peacekeeping: An evolving Role for the Military, London: HMSO. Pattison, M., (2010), Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect: Who Should, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Press TV, (2013), Hezbollah t o remain in Syria: Official, (online), available at https://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/02/10/350058/hezbollah-to-remain-in-syria-official/, (accessed on 20/10/15). RT News, (2012), Stratfor: Blackwater helps regime Change, (online), available at https://www.rt.com/news/stratfor-syria-regime-change-063/, (accessed on 17/10/15). Ruthven, M., (2014), The Map ISIS Hates, (online), available at https://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/jun/25/map-isis-hates/, (accessed on 20/10/15). Seybolt, T., (2007), Humanitarian Military Intervention: The Conditions for Success and Failure, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Time, (2015), Iran Looms Over ISIS Fight as Baghdad-Tehran Alliance Moves Into Tikrit, (online), available at https://time.com/3741427/isis-iran-iraq-tikrit/, (accessed on 20/10/15). United Nations, (2011), Resolution 1973, (online), available at https://www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10200.doc.htm#Resolution, (accessed on 17/10/15). Waxman, M., (2013), Is humanitari an military intervention against international law, or are there exceptions?, (online), available at https://www.cfr.org/international-law/humanitarian-military-intervention-against-international-law-there-exceptions/p31017, (accessed on 17/10/15). Weiss, T., (2012), Humanitarian Intervention, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Greek And Roman Ideas - 778 Words

Greek and Roman Ideals When considering the ancient Greek and Roman ideals you can see the distinct similarities in their art, government, monotheism, and architecture. The Romans duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece and Rome influences can be seen in art today with the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded by the Greek classical ideal. These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitan structures. The use of the city-state was invented by the Greeks and followed by the Romans. The Romans were admirers of the Greek artistic style and this shows in their art and what has been left from the ancient Roman era for us to view.†¦show more content†¦The Greeks are responsible for the creation of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns, but the Roman’s expanded on this and modified the capitals. Greek influence can be seen in the creation of Pantheon. The Pantheon combines the styles of Greek and Roman architectural styles with its combination of post and lintel and dome and arch. Inside the Pantheon are sculptures like the Parthenon, and is the most well preserved buildings from ancient Rome. The Pont du Guard in France remains the largest aqueduct in the world and after over 2000 years it still stands. The Colosseum is in ruins, but it still stands today. Greek democracy and the Roman republic are similar in that they both give power to the people and elect officials by letting the people vote. The Greek city-states were united by force through the invasions of the Macedonians and then by the Romans. The Romans then carried on the city-state format and were themselves invaded later by the Germanic tribes. Although the Greeks and Romans were defeated their political ideal remains and is still in use by some democracies in the West. The monotheism of the Greek belief system was the format for the Roman belief system. Their gods were celebrated and revered by festivals and games being held in their honor. The Greek influence can be seen in the Roman culture with their gods. Roman gods are essentially borrowed from the Greek gods, but theyShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showed influenceRead MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |   5 Pageswithout looking at the Greek and Roman empires. 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Even the similarities between the two religions had slight distinctions, like their gods, theyRead MoreThe Roman Empires Emulation of the Greeks1597 Words   |  6 Pageshiding a small clan of tribesman roaming south to attack and pillage villages and Roman settlements. Roman soldiers stand guard on a stone brick wall fortified to defend from barbarians to the north and formed a place for custom and trading posts. The invaders were limited by the height of the wall, with no way to flank their positions as the fortified line separated England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. The Roman Empire expanded past Turkey into Egypt, an immense expansion that would only beRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Influence Of The Roman Empire1604 Words   |  7 Pageswould soon take many influences from the Greeks. In Rome, an empire was beginning to rise. Roman civilization had its roots in Hellenistic culture because they idolized them. They borrowed and enhanced upon the Greek intellectual accomplishments. As the empire expanded this would become increasingly important. As the Romans continued to expand their empire and influence, they were also spreading the culture of those who influenced them—the Greeks. The Roman Empire at their peak had a vast controlRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systems of communicating ideas. The Babylonians created wedge-shaped cuneiform, and the Egyptians made pictographic hieroglyphicsRead MoreWhy The Greeks Influenced Roman Culture1015 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine how much of Roman culture was Greek in origin, the Greco-Roman world can offer a great insight into the way diffusion operates. Objective and methodology The scope of this report is to investigate how and why the Greeks influenced Roman culture. To achieve this, I will support my discussion with a set of specific examples. Lastly, as I have a personal interest in museum studies, I will briefly answer the question: Was it theft? Did the Romans really loot Greek art, and what for